RESUMEN
In the recently published manuscript entitled "GDF15 a rising modulator of immunity and a strategy in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in relationship with iron metabolism" and we examined the potential properties of Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as an emerging modulator of immunity in COVID-19. We commented new aspects of the biology of GDF15 and investigated the potential value of GDF15 as a biomarker. Is GDF15 a biomarker of the inflammatory process and oxidative stress state? Recently, it was reported that 1500 clinical trials related to COVID-19 have been registered, but none have yet found an optimal strategy. In these conditions, more clinical studies are needed before any of these agents can be considered antiviral agents.
RESUMEN
Resume Nous avons récemment publié une revue intitulée : “GDF15 a rising modulator of immunity and a strategy in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in relationship with iron metabolism” et nous avons éxaminé les propriétés potentielles du facteur Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) comme modulateur émergeant de l'immunité dans le COVID-19. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux aspects biologiques du GDF15 comme biomarqueur. Est-ce que le GDF15 est un biomarqueur du processus inflammatoire et de l’état du stress oxydatif ? Récemment, il a été rapporté plus de 1500 projets d’études cliniques ciblés sur le COVID-19 ; mais aucune des stratégies semble optimale. Dans ces conditions, des études cliniques complémentaires sont nécessaires afin que les composés testés soient définis comme des agents antiviraux.
RESUMEN
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 encodes the structural proteins spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). The receptor-binding domain on the surface subunit S1 is responsible for attachment of the virus to angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is highly expressed in host cells. The cytokine storm observed in patients with COVID-19 contributes to the endothelial vascular dysfunction, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure, alteration in iron homeostasis, and death. Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which belongs to the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) superfamily of proteins, has a pivotal role in the development and progression of diseases because of its role as a metabolic regulator. In COVID-19, GDF15 activity increases in response to tissue damage. GDF15 appears to be a strong predictor of poor outcomes in patients critically ill with COVID-19 and acts as an 'inflammation-induced central mediator of tissue tolerance' via its metabolic properties. In this review, we examine the potential properties of GDF15 as an emerging modulator of immunity in COVID-19 in association with iron metabolism. The virus life cycle in host cell provides potential targets for drug therapy.